Matter, States of Matter, Matter is Made Up of Very Small Particl Notes Chapter 1 Matter in Our Surrounding Science

Matter: Any substance which occupies space and has mass is known as matter. Early Indian philosophers classified matter in five basic elements: air, earth, water, fire and sky that also known as Panch Tatva.
States of matter: Matter exist in three different states that are Solid, Liquid and Gas.
Matter is made up of very small particles: All matter is made up of very small particles that are not visible to naked eye. We can prove this by performing the following experiment: Take two or three crystals of potassium permanganate and add in 100ml of water. We will see that the colour of the water gets changed. Now take 10ml of this solution and add it into another 100ml of fresh water, again you will observe that the colour of water will change but it is not that much dark as in first case. Now repeat this procedure three more time still you will find that the colour of the water gets change but it will become fainter and fainter.

This experiment shows that just a few crystals of potassium permanganate can colour a large volume of water (about 1000 L). So we conclude that there must be millions of tiny particles in just one crystal of potassium permanganate, which keep on dividing themselves into smaller and smaller
particles. Ultimately a stage is reached when the particles cannot divide further into smaller particles.

Characteristics of particles of matter: The characteristics of particles of matter are
(i) Particles of matter have spaces between them.
(ii) Particles of matter are continuously moving.
(iii) Particles of matter attract each other.
(iv) Kinetic energy of particles increases with increase in temperature.