Acidsr/> Basesr/> Acid-Base Indicatorsr/> Olfactory indicatorsr/> pH scaler/> Re chapter 2 can study by students of class 10. These definitiona and formulas of Class 10 Science Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts is developed and witten by our expert teachers. Science formulas. Acids Bases Acid-Base Indicators Olfactory indicators pH scale Reaction of acid with a metal Reaction of base with a metal How do metal carbonates and Metal Hydrogencarbonates React with metals? Reaction of acids and bases together Neutralisation reaction Reaction of metallic oxide with acid Why Acidic and basic solutions conduct electricity? Water of crystallisation Some very important salts with their chemical name and formula is prepapred and collected from varius resources to help the students.
Concepts: Acids, Bases and Salts
Acids: Those substances which when dissolved in water then produce H+ (aq) or Hydronium (H3O+) ions. They are sour in taste and change the colour of blue litmus to red. For example HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 etc.
Bases: Bases are generally metallic oxide or metallic hydroxide. When they are dissolved in water they produce OH-(aq) ions. They are bitter in taste and change the colour of red litmus to blue. For example CuO, NaOH, KOH etc.
Acid-Base Indicators: Indicators are basically dyes or mixtures which are used to detect whether the substance is acidic or basic with the help of their colour changing property. They are of two type, natural indicators and synthetic indicators. The examples of natural indicators are Litmus and turmeric. The examples of synthetic indicators are methyl orange and phenolphthalein.
Olfactory indicators: Those substances whose odour changes in acidic or basic medium are known as olfactory indicators. Some of the examples of olfactory indicators are vanilla, onion and clove.
pH scale: It is the measure of acidic or basic strength of an aqueous solution. The pH value of an acidic solution lies between 0 to 7. The pH value of a basic solution lies between 7 to 14. The pH value of a neutral substance is always 7.
Reaction of acid with a metal: When an acid reacts with a metal then Hydrogen gas is evolved along with corresponding salt.
Reaction of acids and bases together: Whenever acids and bases react with each other they produce salt with water. For example
Neutralisation reaction: When acid and base react with each other to produce salt and water then such reaction is known as neutralisation reaction. For example
Reaction of metallic oxide with acid: When metallic oxide reacts with acid they produce salt along with water. For example
Why Acidic and basic solutions conduct electricity?: Acidic and basic solutions in water conduct electricity because they produce hydrogen and hydroxide ions respectively.
Water of crystallisation: It is the definite number of molecules of water that is chemically attached to each formula unit of a salt in its crystalline form. For example washing soda (Na2CO3.10H2O) or Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O).
Some very important salts with their chemical name and formula.
Common Name | Chemical Name | Chemical Formula |
Baking Soda | Sodium Bicarbonate | NaHCO3 |
Washing Soda | Hydrated Sodium Carbonate | Na2CO3.10H2O |
Plaster of paris | Calcium Sulphate hemihydrates | CaSO4.½H2O |
Bleaching Powder | Calcium Oxychloride | CaOCl2 |
Gypsum | Calcium Sulphate dihydrate | CaSO4.2H2O |
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